CPE: Cherche Pigeons à Embaucher
Amaran: Hak Cipta artikel ini adalah terpelihara. Jangan cuba nak copy paste masuk mana-mana blog lain. Ini termasuklah blog Ada Apa Dengan France.
The french students have been on strike against the CPE for a few months now. Not only it affects the french students, because of the uncertainty of their future, but also to foreign students like me, because the strike against the CPE is risking the validity of the current school semester/year. Just what the hell is the CPE and why the hell are they against it?
What does CPE stands for?
CPE means Contrat Premier Embauche or Fisrt Employment Contract.
What are the other work contracts available in France?
Basically in France there are 2 type of work contracts. The CDI (Contrat Durée Indéterminée) and the CDD (Contrat Durée Déterminée). An employee with a CDI can stay in the company where he works for as long as he is needed. There's no time limit. An employee with a CDD can stay in the company where he works for the time stated in his contract. He can negotiate with his employer to continue working there, but he can only obtain a CDD from a company twice. After his second CDD, if he's still needed in the company, the company has to offer him a CDI.
Please note that part time jobs do not exist in France. During school holidays, students work with a CDD. The benefit of this system is that the students will get the same retirement benefits, unemployement benefits and health benefits, during their working period, just like any other workers
What is the CPE?
The CPE is a work contract designed for youth, under the age of 26. It is a form of CDD, with a trial period of 2 years. The only difference with the CDD is that the employee can be fired at any moment without any notice nor with any reason within this trial period. By loosing up the law, the CPE was created to encourage employers to hire more workers.
So what is wrong with the CPE?
The reason why the students are on strike against the CPE is that the CPE does not guarantee any certainty. The employees with a CPE will be under the stress that they will get fired when they go to work everyday. And furthermore, with the uncertainty of keeping the job, banks will not allow them to take up loan for their houses or cars. Plus, when they are fired, they will not get any compensation from the company, unlike workers with a CDD or a CDI.
Is that the only reason for the strike?
No. Along with the CPE, the government had introduced other reforms in the Labour Law. Firstly there's the CNE (Contrat Nouvelle Embauche), which is a form of CPE for the employees of SME or SMI, and applies to everyone, not only to the youths. Then the reforms concern the school children as well since students 15 years old and older are now allowed to work at night, and the compulsory schooling age had been reduced from 16 to 14. The last two were criticized since, it's not a progress but a regress of educational reforms, whereas the CNE and the CPE are a form of regression in labour reforms. Furthermore the two new contracts are the base for another form of contract that will be introduced in the future: Contrat Unique, which is a CPE and a CNE that applies to every worker in France.
What have the students done so far to oppose these reforms?
There have been strikes by the students and also by a joint-movement between the students and the labour unions. The students have also decided to block certain universities.
Does it work so far?
The law has been approved by the Conseil Constitutionnel (Constitutional Council - or the Supreme Court in the USA). This means that the law is not, in any way, against the constitution, and is legal. But the french president, Jacques Chirac, has given his opinion in this matter and said that he is with the Prime Minister, Dominique deVillepin, but he said that there will be some changes. The contract's trial period will be reduced, and the part where the employers can fire workers without reason will be modified. How and when, he did not say. Other politicians from other parties, and even some of the ruling party, UMP, are against the reforms in some ways.
What will the students do now?
Those who are die hard protesters, will continue the strike and the blockage. But now there are students who are against the reforms and at the same time against the blockage. These students are trying to unblock the universities, as they fear that this year/semester will not be valid, and even if it is valid, their degree will not be recognised.
When will the strike end?
No one knows. It can even be as long as the 1968 riot, that lasted until June.
What will be done to cover back all the school hours lost?
For final years students, they will have to finish their courses this year, or they will risk of repeating the year/semester. For non final year students, there are a few possibilities. The universities will either cancel the Easter Holidays, or keep the Easter Holidays but postpone the Summer Holidays by a few weeks, or stay to the original schedule and try to cover everything up next year, by having classes 8am to 8pm, Monday to Saturday.
What happened during the last general assembly attended by the writer?
It was this morning at 10. Due to the absence of 500 true blue protesters, who were blocking the buildings, there was no voting. The writer thinks that this is a double standard, since during all the other general assemblies, the vote was held eventhough the students who are against the blockage were absent. But the writer does not blame anyone since, the absence of the 500 protesters, were caused by their duty, and the absence of the anti-blockage students were caused by their ignorance. The next vote will be held monday at noon.
The french students have been on strike against the CPE for a few months now. Not only it affects the french students, because of the uncertainty of their future, but also to foreign students like me, because the strike against the CPE is risking the validity of the current school semester/year. Just what the hell is the CPE and why the hell are they against it?
What does CPE stands for?
CPE means Contrat Premier Embauche or Fisrt Employment Contract.
What are the other work contracts available in France?
Basically in France there are 2 type of work contracts. The CDI (Contrat Durée Indéterminée) and the CDD (Contrat Durée Déterminée). An employee with a CDI can stay in the company where he works for as long as he is needed. There's no time limit. An employee with a CDD can stay in the company where he works for the time stated in his contract. He can negotiate with his employer to continue working there, but he can only obtain a CDD from a company twice. After his second CDD, if he's still needed in the company, the company has to offer him a CDI.
Please note that part time jobs do not exist in France. During school holidays, students work with a CDD. The benefit of this system is that the students will get the same retirement benefits, unemployement benefits and health benefits, during their working period, just like any other workers
What is the CPE?
The CPE is a work contract designed for youth, under the age of 26. It is a form of CDD, with a trial period of 2 years. The only difference with the CDD is that the employee can be fired at any moment without any notice nor with any reason within this trial period. By loosing up the law, the CPE was created to encourage employers to hire more workers.
So what is wrong with the CPE?
The reason why the students are on strike against the CPE is that the CPE does not guarantee any certainty. The employees with a CPE will be under the stress that they will get fired when they go to work everyday. And furthermore, with the uncertainty of keeping the job, banks will not allow them to take up loan for their houses or cars. Plus, when they are fired, they will not get any compensation from the company, unlike workers with a CDD or a CDI.
Is that the only reason for the strike?
No. Along with the CPE, the government had introduced other reforms in the Labour Law. Firstly there's the CNE (Contrat Nouvelle Embauche), which is a form of CPE for the employees of SME or SMI, and applies to everyone, not only to the youths. Then the reforms concern the school children as well since students 15 years old and older are now allowed to work at night, and the compulsory schooling age had been reduced from 16 to 14. The last two were criticized since, it's not a progress but a regress of educational reforms, whereas the CNE and the CPE are a form of regression in labour reforms. Furthermore the two new contracts are the base for another form of contract that will be introduced in the future: Contrat Unique, which is a CPE and a CNE that applies to every worker in France.
What have the students done so far to oppose these reforms?
There have been strikes by the students and also by a joint-movement between the students and the labour unions. The students have also decided to block certain universities.
Does it work so far?
The law has been approved by the Conseil Constitutionnel (Constitutional Council - or the Supreme Court in the USA). This means that the law is not, in any way, against the constitution, and is legal. But the french president, Jacques Chirac, has given his opinion in this matter and said that he is with the Prime Minister, Dominique deVillepin, but he said that there will be some changes. The contract's trial period will be reduced, and the part where the employers can fire workers without reason will be modified. How and when, he did not say. Other politicians from other parties, and even some of the ruling party, UMP, are against the reforms in some ways.
What will the students do now?
Those who are die hard protesters, will continue the strike and the blockage. But now there are students who are against the reforms and at the same time against the blockage. These students are trying to unblock the universities, as they fear that this year/semester will not be valid, and even if it is valid, their degree will not be recognised.
When will the strike end?
No one knows. It can even be as long as the 1968 riot, that lasted until June.
What will be done to cover back all the school hours lost?
For final years students, they will have to finish their courses this year, or they will risk of repeating the year/semester. For non final year students, there are a few possibilities. The universities will either cancel the Easter Holidays, or keep the Easter Holidays but postpone the Summer Holidays by a few weeks, or stay to the original schedule and try to cover everything up next year, by having classes 8am to 8pm, Monday to Saturday.
What happened during the last general assembly attended by the writer?
It was this morning at 10. Due to the absence of 500 true blue protesters, who were blocking the buildings, there was no voting. The writer thinks that this is a double standard, since during all the other general assemblies, the vote was held eventhough the students who are against the blockage were absent. But the writer does not blame anyone since, the absence of the 500 protesters, were caused by their duty, and the absence of the anti-blockage students were caused by their ignorance. The next vote will be held monday at noon.
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